This is an interactive stage podcast style presentation with live audience participation. A large number are now using hybrid or battery systems and the key drivers for that are: emissions, regulations, fuel costs, port requirements. This is having a real operational impact. The presentation will discuss how hybrid systems change daily vessel operations, peak shaving, redundancy, fuel saving. It will then look at the challenges: integration, crew adaptation, reliability using real examples and case studies. Some of the dilemmas facing operators, whether to opt for battery-only or hybrid—what will be considered. The key takeaway will be idea that hybrid is not the future but a transition.